A bruised lung, medically termed pulmonary contusion, results from chest trauma. The impact damages blood vessels, allowing fluid to accumulate in lung tissue, which reduces oxygen delivery. This condition can become life-threatening if left untreated, and develops from injured small blood vessels rather than a puncture of the lung tissue itself.
What Causes a Bruised Lung?
Common causes include car accidents, bicycle falls, sports injuries, and physical assault. Severe complications can occur when bruising affects more than 20% of the lung, and may include deep lung infections, respiratory infections, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Symptoms of a Bruised Lung
- Mild: fatigue, chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing, elevated heart rate, painful breathing
- Severe: wheezing, cyanosis (bluish skin), rapid breathing, coughing up blood, cool or sweaty skin, crackling sounds in the chest, low blood pressure
Associated Injuries
Blunt chest impact may accompany broken ribs, pulmonary laceration, a collapsed lung, abdominal organ injuries, spine fractures, and bleeding in the chest cavity.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnostic testing includes chest X-rays, ultrasound, CT scans, and oxygen level tests. Treatment focuses on increasing oxygen flow and managing pain — bruised lungs typically heal on their own, though oxygen therapy or ventilator support may assist breathing, and medications help manage pain while any fluid buildup is monitored.
Medical Disclaimer: This article is for general educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions about a medical condition.